Graphology developed along a few independent methods. Nowadays the situation can thus be described:

• The French method, based on the work of J. Crepieux-Jamin, and integrated with key ideas con Germany (Klages, Heiss, ...) and Switzerland (Pulver), is used throughout Europe.
• The Italian Method, closely modelled on the work of G. Moretti, is mostly used in Italy and Spain.
• In the United States there are several schools based on M. Bunker's Graphoanalysis.

The French/european method

The specificity and strenght of the french/european method rests in the global and simbolic approach to handwriting, which is integrated only in a second step by an analytic one.
Handwriting is not seen as a neuro-psycho-biological byproduct†, but first and foremost as the result of the "directive image".

In this pdf (italian only) one can find a brief introduction to Graphology according to the French/european school.